Can land be restored after mining?

After the coal is stripped, mine companies are legally required to do some restoration, which usually involves replacing the exploded soil and rock—rubble—covering it with a layer of topsoil, and seeding it with anything that will hold the ground together.

What do they do with the land after they mine coal?

Across the US, two out of every three acres of reclaimed coal mines have been turned into some form of grassland, which regulators say is often disused. Only 18\% was converted into farming, housing, industry or recreation, while 16\% was left in a wilder state as forest or undeveloped land.

How do the lavender farms help the people?

In addition to helping you sleep and relax, Lavender oil can be used to relax the entire body, which is why it is a popular choice among massage therapists. There are a lot of products that use Lavender as a main ingredient. Lavender oil can also be used in a diffuser before bedtime and be used as a natural sleep aid.

What are two environmental problems with abandoned coal mines?

With coal production at its lowest level in 30 years, abandoned mines around the country are causing major environmental problems. They can catch fire, and debris from them can contaminate the water supply.

Can coal be restored?

Reclamation is the process of restoring land that has been used in coal, gas or oil development to beneficial uses. Most states with coal mining have federally approved programs with laws similar to SMCRA.

How do you restore a mined land?

Reclamation includes the following steps: contouring of land; placement of topsoil or an approved substitute on the graded area; reseeding with native vegetation, crops and/or trees; and years of careful monitoring to assure success.

How much does it cost to reclaim land after mining 2020?

According to OSMRE, the states and tribes have estimated total unfunded costs for the reclamation of eligible sites of approximately $10.7 billion to date.

How much does it cost to reclaim land after mining?

Estimated costs of mined land reclamation averaged $3,500 per acre in 1976 for western coal regions, an average of 5 cents per ton of coal produced and less than 1 percent of mine-mouth coal prices.

Is it profitable to grow lavender?

You can earn as much as $120,000 per acre in ideal conditions by selling fresh or dried lavender. And you can earn even more by creating your own value-added lavender products like soaps or lotions. The great thing about lavender is that you can grow it for a profit on nearly any scale.

Is lavender a profitable crop?

Lavender can be one of the most profitable cash crops for small growers. Best of all, unlike many other seasonal crops, such as flowers, that are worthless if not sold at harvest time, lavender can be dried and made into even more profitable products. Here are seven of the best ways to turn lavender into cash.

Why do they Flood old mines?

Underground mines One of the main reasons to let an underground mine be flooded is to avoid disulfide oxidation and thus, avoid acid mine drainage. Other important reason is safety: people coming to underground mines without safety precautions or the presence of dangerous mine gases.

Why are abandoned coal mines bad for the environment?

Many surface and underground abandoned mines, and their associated spoil and refuse piles, provide an ongoing source of acid mine drainage and toxic heavy metals that can have long-term devastating impacts on groundwater, community water supplies, rivers, streams, and aquatic life.