Why Distribution steel is provided above the main steel?

Distribution steel is mainly provided on the top of the main bar, hence placed in longer span direction. The main purpose of providing distribution steel are used to hold the slabs on either way and to resist the cracks and shear stress developed at the top.

Why do we provide distribution reinforcement?

Concept: In one way slab main reinforcements are provided along shorter direction and reinforcement parallel to longer direction are called as distribution reinforcement. (b) Provided to resist any shrinkage or temperature cracks that may develop.

Where is the reinforcement provided in retaining wall?

In horizontal as well as in vertical directions.

Why does Counterforts are provided in retaining walls?

Counterfort Retaining Walls The counterforts tie the slab and base together, and the purpose of them is to reduce the shear forces and bending moments imposed on the wall by the soil. A secondary effect is to increase the weight of the wall from the added concrete.

Why corner steel is provided in slab?

Corner restrained in the slab reduces the bending moment and deflection in the middle of the slab just like fixed beam which reduces the mid-span moment and deflection as compared to simply supported beams.

What is the purpose of bottom Reinf in slab *?

Bottom Reinforcement resists the positive bending moment/sagging at the mid-span of the slab. Top Reinforcement resists the negative bending moment at the supports of the slab. ( 2 ) . It is actually used for the economization of material.

How do you identify the main bar and Distribution bar?

Main reinforcement bar is normally used at the bottom of the slab. Distribution bars are placed on the top of the main bar. 2. Main bar is used in shorter direction but distribution bar is used in longer span.

Why weep holes are provided in retaining wall?

When water accumulates behind a retaining wall, the lateral forces acting on the wall increase. The more water that has collected behind a retaining wall, the greater the hydrostatic pressure on the wall will be. Weep holes should be drilled through the wall. Weep holes allow water to escape from behind the wall.

Why weep holes are provided in abutment?

Weep holes are provided in masonry walls, retaining walls, underpasses, wing walls and other ground draining structure. Weep holes provide an opening that allows the drainage of any moisture that may come from back of the wall through penetration, capillary action or leakage.

What is bottom reinforcement?

The bottom reinforcement is continuous through the slot and transmits beam moments to the column. The yielding of the bottom reinforcement governs the flexural strength of the beam in both positive and negative moment directions during an earthquake.

What is the difference between main reinforcement and distribution reinforcement?

What are the rules for the placement of reinforcement steel?

Vertical and horizontal reinforcing steel bar sizes, spacing and grade of steel should be clearly marked for every storey in each wall cross section or in a separate note on other sheets. The placement of reinforcing steel, especially the vertical ones should be clearly marked (i.e. off center or towards interior/exterior or centered in the wall).

What is the difference between main reinforcement bars and distribution bars?

Distribution bars placed on top of the main bar. Main Reinforcement bars are placed in shorter direction and Distribution bars placed in longer span direction Main Reinforcement Bars are used to transfer the bending moment developed at the bottom of the slab.

What is the difference between one way slab and distribution steel?

The slabs having ratio of longer length to its shorter length (L y /L x) greater than 2 is called one way slab otherwise as two way slab. In one way slab main reinforcement is parallel to shorter direction and the reinforcement parallel to longer direction is called distribution steel.

Why do we place main reinforcement bars at the bottom of slab?

The purpose of the main bar is to transfer the bending load developed at the bottom of the slab to the beams. That’s why. we place main reinforcement bars at the bottom of the slab. Also, use slightly stronger (higher) dimension bars. we place main bars at the shorter direction.