What is not produced in the Krebs cycle?

Explanation: A turn of the Krebs cycle produces one ATP, three NADH, one FADH2, and two CO2. Acetyl-CoA is not produced during Krebs cycle. It is produced from the decarboxylation of a pyruvate molecule, which occurs before the Krebs cycle can begin.

What breaks down carbohydrates into ATP energy?

Cellular respiration oxidizes glucose molecules through glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation to produce ATP.

Which molecules can be broken down to generate ATP?

carbohydrate, lipids, or proteins can be broken down to make ATP. carbohydrates are the molecules most commonly broken down to make ATP. The food that you eat doesn’t contain ATP that your cells use, first they must be digested. Digestion breaks down food into smaller molecules that can be used to make ATP.

What type of reaction is used in both glycolysis and the Krebs cycle to produce ATP?

The transition reaction connects glycolysis to the citric acid (Krebs) cycle. The transition reaction converts the two molecules of the 3-carbon pyruvate from glycolysis (and other pathways) into two molecules of the 2-carbon molecule acetyl Coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA) and 2 molecules of carbon dioxide.

How carbohydrates are broken down in the body?

Carbohydrates are broken down by the body into glucose, which can be absorbed into the bloodstream. Once absorbed, glucose molecules travel in the blood to the body’s cells where they are used for respiration. The glucose reacts with oxygen, releasing energy.

When carbohydrates are broken down by mitochondria they produce?

In the mitochondria, the metabolism of sugars is completed, and the energy released is harnessed so efficiently that about 30 molecules of ATP are produced for each molecule of glucose oxidized. By contrast, only 2 molecules of ATP are produced per glucose molecule by glycolysis alone.

What three molecules are produced when ATP is broken down?

Think of it as the “energy currency” of the cell. If a cell needs to spend energy to accomplish a task, the ATP molecule splits off one of its three phosphates, becoming ADP (Adenosine di-phosphate) + phosphate. The energy holding that phosphate molecule is now released and available to do work for the cell.

What kind of molecules are broken down to supply most of the cells energy?

Glucose and other food molecules are broken down by controlled stepwise oxidation to provide chemical energy in the form of ATP and NADH.

Does fermentation require glycolysis?

Fermentation happens in anaerobic conditions (i.e.,without oxygen). Fermentation begins with glycolysis which breaks down glucose into two pyruvate molecules and produces two ATP (net) and two NADH. Fermentation allows glucose to be continuously broken down to make ATP due to the recycling of NADH to NAD+.

Which of the following distinguishes lactate fermentation from alcoholic fermentation?

Lactic acid fermentation produces lactic acid molecules from pyruvate while alcoholic fermentation produces ethanol and carbon dioxide from pyruvate. The main difference between lactic acid and alcohol fermentation is the products of each fermentation.

How is carbohydrates digested and absorbed?

Carbohydrates are not chemically broken down in the stomach, but rather in the small intestine. Pancreatic amylase and the disaccharidases finish the chemical breakdown of digestible carbohydrates. The monosaccharides are absorbed into the bloodstream and delivered to the liver.

Which of the following carbohydrates is absorbed from the GI tract into the blood in the small intestine?

Absorption of Carbohydrates Glucose, fructose, and galactose are absorbed across the membrane of the small intestine and transported to the liver where they are either used by the liver, or further distributed to the rest of the body (3, 4).

How does alcohol enter the bloodstream through the stomach?

Alcohol enters the bloodstream via capillaries Like all internal organs, the stomach and small intestine are wrapped in a fine network of capillaries. As alcohol crosses the interstitial space between the GI tract and the surrounding capillaries, its small size allows it to pass easily through the endothelial cell membrane wall into the capillary.

How does alcohol affect the absorption of nutrients?

Alcohol can affect the absorption of certain nutrients. Alcohol can also disrupt the activity of some enzymes, which are responsible for functions throughout the small intestine. Alcohol can also cause mucosal injury to the intestine, as with the stomach.

How do enzymes convert alcohol to acetaldehyde?

There are three different enzymes which the body uses to convert alcohol to acetaldehyde. All three of these enzymes work by stripping two hydrogen atoms off from the alcohol molecule. This converts the alcohol molecule into a molecule of acetaldehyde as shown in Figure 1.

What is the function of the GI tract in alcohol metabolism?

First, the GI tract is the site of alcohol absorption into the bloodstream and, to a lesser extent, of alcohol breakdown and pro- duction. (For more information on alcohol absorption, metabolism, and production in the GI tract, see sidebar, pp.