What is the mitochondria theory?

The endosymbiotic hypothesis for the origin of mitochondria (and chloroplasts) suggests that mitochondria are descended from specialized bacteria (probably purple nonsulfur bacteria) that somehow survived endocytosis by another species of prokaryote or some other cell type, and became incorporated into the cytoplasm.

How do mitochondria support the endosymbiotic theory?

There is broad evidence to show that mitochondria and plastids arose from bacteria and one of the strongest arguments to support the endosymbiotic theory is that both mitochondria and plastids contain DNA that is different from that of the cell nucleus and that they have their own protein biosynthesis machinery.

What is the endosymbiotic theory of the origin of eukaryotic cells?

The Endosymbiotic Theory states that the mitochondria and chloroplast in eukaryotic cells were once aerobic bacteria (prokaryote) that were ingested by a large anaerobic bacteria (prokaryote). This theory explains the origin of eukaryotic cells.

What is the endosymbiotic theory for organelles?

The endosymbiotic theory states that some of the organelles in eukaryotic cells were once prokaryotic microbes. Mitochondria and chloroplasts are the same size as prokaryotic cells and divide by binary fission. Mitochondria and chloroplasts have their own DNA which is circular, not linear.

Are mitochondria present in all eukaryotic cells?

Mitochondria are found in the cells of nearly every eukaryotic organism, including plants and animals. As prokaryotic organisms, bacteria and archaea do not have mitochondria.

Does a eukaryotic have a mitochondria?

In addition to the nucleus, eukaryotic cells may contain several other types of organelles, which may include mitochondria, chloroplasts, the endoplasmic reticulum, the Golgi apparatus, and lysosomes. Each of these organelles performs a specific function critical to the cell’s survival.

How did mitochondria and chloroplasts arise in eukaryotic cells?

How did mitochondria and chloroplasts arise in eukaryotic cells? Via endosymbiosis, where mitochondria and chloroplasts were independent prokaryotic organisms that were engulfed by a larger cell.

What evidence supports the theory that eukaryotes evolved from prokaryotic cells?

The hypothesis that eukaryotic cells evolved from a symbiotic association of prokaryotes—endosymbiosis—is particularly well supported by studies of mitochondria and chloroplasts, which are thought to have evolved from bacteria living in large cells.

What is the evolutionary theory of mitochondria and chloroplasts?

The theory states that a prokaryotic cell was consumed or engulfed by a larger cell. The endosymbiotic theory has been widely accepted as one of the possibilities of the origins of mitochondria, chloroplasts, and other eukaryotic organelles and cells.

What is the origin of the mitochondria and chloroplast as per the endosymbiotic theory?

This extremely benefited the anaerobic cell that then acquired the ability to aerobically digest food. Gradually, the aerobic bacterium could no longer survive independently from the cell, evolving into the mitochondrion organelle.

What are the cells theory?

Cell theory states that living things are composed of one or more cells, that the cell is the basic unit of life, and that cells arise from existing cells.

What is the origin of mitochondria?

The endosymbiotic hypothesis for the origin of mitochondria (and chloroplasts) suggests that mitochondria are descended from specialized bacteria (probably purple nonsulfur bacteria) that somehow survived endocytosis by another species of prokaryote or some other cell type, and became incorporated into the cytoplasm.

Do mitochondria have their own DNA?

for chloroplasts, mitochondria appear to originate only from other mitochondria. They contain their own DNA, which is circular as is true with bacteria, along with their own transcriptional and translational

Why are there no intermediates in the prokaryote to eukaryote transition?

Only cells that possessed mitochondria had the bioenergetic means to attain eukaryotic cell complexity, which is why there are no true intermediates in the prokaryote-to-eukaryote transition. Current versions of endosymbiotic theory have it that the host was an archaeon (an archaebacterium), not a eukaryote.

How did mitochondria evolve from anaerobic prokaryotic cells?

Goksøyr suggested an evolutionary development of mitochondria and later, in an independent symbiosis, chloroplasts from prokaryotic forms through a coenocytic relationship in which anaerobic prokaryotes (most likely of a single species) were brought into contact without intervening cell walls (figure 2 c; [ 89 ]).